Ms2 Course Review

2013 Exam Review Session CGA MS2 Information Systems’ Strategy 1 Agenda Agenda will change as needed to suit your needs †¢ 2 pm Start. †¢ Introduction & Feedback Solicitation †¢ 2:10 – 2:30: Fundamentals of Business Case Analysis †¢ 2:30 – 3:45. Business Case Example/s †¢ Break 10 mins †¢ 3:55 – 5pm Review of key items from all modules †¢ 5pm Finish. 2 Nine-step approach to case analysis Spend about 40% of your time on the case – 90 minutes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Skim the case. Read the case closely. Identify problems, threats, and opportunities. Analyze the data. Generate alternatives.Select the decision criteria. Analyze and evaluate the alternatives. Make a recommendation or decision. Determine Implementation steps & associated Risks. 3 Executive Summary (3 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Objective of the report Key problems/threats/opportunities identified State Alternatives (briefly) Recommendation s – Include completion date & Implementation strategy – Key Risk and mitigation (briefly) †¢ It should suffice as a Stand alone report REVIEW YOUR CASE†¦ 4 Current Situation (10 marks) †¢ List some of the strengths/ Strategic advantages †¢ Is there an existing system? What is wrong? – – – – – List & briefly explain the problems Categorize them if possible Determine Root cause, if there is one single cause? Business fundamental shortcomings? Conflicts? †¢ Does the technology used align / support the business model? †¢ Organizational misfits? †¢ Strategic misfits? 5 Current Situation contd†¦ †¢ What is the Impact? – Cost: quantified in $$ – Does it meet current or future business needs? – Intangible impacts – Strategic †¢ Threats †¢ Opportunities – Competitive – Technological 6 Criteria (5 marks) †¢ What is Criteria?What is it used for? †¢ State it at a high level where you can †¢ Prioritize the criteria – and show that you have done so. †¢ Explain why you chose each criterion †¢ Measuring each criterion? ($, market share/Sales, other goals) – Does it meet current or future business needs? – $ savings – Intangible benefits – Strategic †¢ Threats †¢ Opportunities – Competitive – Technological 7 Alternatives & Recommendation (15 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Improvise & use your imagination (just be logical). Each alternative should be a mostly complete Solution. Each alternative should be feasible.Assess each alternative based upon the criteria – show this analysis in your work. †¢ Other pros & cons (other than in the criteria) †¢ Alternatives don’t have to be mutually exclusive. They can be a combination of the options identified. †¢ Why did you choose the recommended alternative/s? – Benefit s – Explain how it achieves the objective/resolves the problem – Limitations / risks 8 Alternatives & Recommendation (Continued†¦) †¢ Make a recommendation (use a positive voice! ) – Do not just suggest something – Do not say it weakly or ambiguously †¢ I believe†¦ / In my opinion†¦ / My thoughts are†¦ Clearly recommend an action and explain †¢ what it is and †¢ why it fits the criteria. (if you have not already in the analysis). 9 Risk Management Plan (15 marks) Read Carefully the requirements of this section. Does it require an Implementation / Action plan as well? †¢ Narrative explanation – Implementation Strategy/Approach (at a high level)? – Assumptions / Requirements †¢ High level Risks, Ethical, Privacy issues? (Probability & Impact) †¢ Mitigation Strategies †¢ Plan ‘B’ †¢ Actual implementation steps and, within each step – Step Risk if any and mitiga tion plan if any †¢ †¢ †¢ Time Lines / Time Frame / Schedule Detail Costs Responsibilities Project Phases, if any†¦ short term, long term 10 Exam Review Session †¢ Go over Business Case – Tony’s Auto Services Inc. from 2010 June exam 11 Some multiple choice tips†¦ †¢ When answering a true and false question on the Exam simply break down complex sentences into smaller phrases. Each phrase has to be true or the entire sentence is false. †¢ And, for multiple choice questions try to answer the question before looking at the answer choices. Remember that a perfect answer may not be given as a choice.Choose the best answer. – Source Certified Fraud Examiners (CFE) Exam Coach. 12 Strategic Alignment †¢ Look for IT Strategy to support Business strategy. †¢ IT to differentiate from competition †¢ IT to reduce costs †¢ IT to bring business â€Å"Quick to market† †¢ IT to create new markets / products †¢ IT to tie suppliers and customers 13 Porter's five forces †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ threat of new entrants bargaining power of customers bargaining power of suppliers threat of substitute products or services rivalry among existing competitors 14 Threat of New Entrants Mitigation Strategies: – High entry cost. Equipment, buildings, infrastructure, etc. – Mature Information Systems – Expertise & Knowledge – Compete aggressively on Price – Lock in partners for a competitive edge – Brand recognition. Product Differentiation. – Focus on a Market niche – Operating Efficiencies Pace of change – IT 16 Moore’s Law & Metcalfe’s Law †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Dropping price of computer Storage Dropping cost of processing (â€Å"mips†) Double the power every 18 months Metcalfe’s Law – The value of the network is the square of the sum of the nodes. Therefore stick with po pular technology 17 Strategic Planning for IS †¢ How is Planning done? – Top Down / Strategic Analysis – Bottom Up / Enterprise Analysis – Scenario Planning / â€Å"What if’† Analysis †¢ When is Planning done? – – – – – – Short Term Long Term Mergers & Acquistions Economic downturns As part of a Budgeting Exercise After a major disaster. 18 Planning Issues †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Scalability Capacity planning Standardization vs. differentiation Legacy systems – Upgrade to new system or integrate with new technology but old core. 9 Total Cost of Ownership †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Hardware Software Installation Training Support Ongoing Maintenance & S/W Upgrades Infrastructure costs Data Backups, Business Continuity, Insurance Downtime Space, Energy, Security 20 Six IT Decisions – IT should not make 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How mu ch to spend Allocation amongst Business Processes Firm-wide IT capabilities How much IT Security & Privacy issues Blame over failure 21 IT Governance 22 10. 3 OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 23 Achieving Success in IS Projects †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ clearly defined goals excellent communication management involvement definitive timelines Project management skills S. M. A. R. T Objectives. Why do they Fail? †¢ lack of understanding of the desired results (imprecise targets) †¢ poor estimating techniques for budgeting and scheduling †¢ small, unadjusted schedule slippage, which cumulatively results in a major delivery delay †¢ lack of project management skills or leadership †¢ poorly trained analysts and programmers †¢ conflicting goals and objectives among the project team members and users use of inappropriate software or hardware tools 25 Make Vs. Buy – Issues – – – – – – – â€⠀œ – Cost Specialized functionality Ability to integrate with other existing Systems Ability to change the s/w Maintenance / Service Contract Update / Upgrade Speed of delivery KNOWLEDGE – Business vs. Industry vs. Functional Responsibility vs. Control vs. Risk Conversion 27 Parallel †¢ Pros †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Least risk of not meeting objectives Compare results to ensure correctness Gentle weaning off of the ‘old’ system Resilient to errors. Cons †¢ Duplication of effort †¢ Requires additional computing resources †¢ Not possible in every situation 28 Pilot †¢ Pros – – – – Allows for a small, low risk, controlled test bed Allows for a Go-NoGo decision w/o large investment Limits disruption & harm Helps overcome user resistance †¢ Cons – Still Costly to run 2 systems – even if scaled down – Results may not extrapolate to ‘full install’ – Choice of Pilot site is critical 29 Phased †¢ Pros – – – Incremental approach with functional Phase-in Allows for Phased Systems’ Development Allows time for orientation of the new technology Usually easier to manage the change †¢ Cons – Still running 2 systems, – Longer disruption 30 Direct Cutover †¢ Pros – Quick – Easy on resource utilization (only 1 system running) – Low cost †¢ Cons – – – – – – Risky Requires full training & preparation Requires ‘all hands’ on deck for Implementation Causes spike in Help desk calls Creates disruption, uncertainty, confusion Errors can cause Business Loss / interruption 31Internet as a business tool Advantages †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Wider Market exposure New ways to communicate (text, voice, video) Economical (ISP, programming, Shipping) 24x7x365 Anywhere, Anytime Off loads work to the customer Convenient for the customer if well designed. Quick & Easy to update / Change – Real time Consistent Information / Prices 32 Internet as a business tool Disadvantages †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Not everybody has access & high speed Impersonal & not so interactive No touch & feel of the goods Replacement for good business practice?Lack of consumer trust Legal challenges Socio-economic factors (availability of access) Privacy Challenges Groupware & Collaborative s/w †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ MS NetMeeting / Communicator / Remote PC support Rolling out s/w updates and self healing s/w IBM Lotus Notes & Domino EMC Documentum Virtual Meeting, avatars , e-Rooms (SDLC Project Mgmt) Private Cloud computing – – – – VPN Storage space Applications Virtualization †¢ Data Warehousing †¢ Data Mining †¢ Business Intelligence s/w Strategic use of the Internet †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cost Reduction Strategic Alliances Differentiation of products & services Customer Loyalty (custom mass production) Value Chains To take advantage of Internet Technologies: – Keep focused on Business Strategy (Internet doesn’t compensate for bad or missing strategy) – Simplify & Integrate your customer facing processes – to enable self service – Adhere to evolving IT standards Rationale for E-Business †¢ Diminished Information Asymmetry †¢ Richness vs. Reach †¢ Reduced transaction costs Ways to Reduce Costs Customer Self serve – Eliminate middle person – Customer data entry – Self research and reduced consultation time †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Reduced Staffing levels Reduced Re-work Streamlined communication Faster 37 Securing online transactions The key issues in a transaction processing environment are †¢ identification (Who are you? ) †¢ authentication (How can I be sure you a re who you say you are? ) †¢ authorization (What authority do you have to make whatever transaction you seek? ) †¢ privacy (How can we be sure our transaction is private? †¢ nonrepudiation (How can we each be assured that the other will not later deny the transaction? ). Benefits / Limitations of Networking †¢ Sharing – Printers, Drives, Scanners, etc †¢ e-mail †¢ Centralized Administration – Distribution of S/W, Policies, Patches, A/V – Tracking, monitoring, Backing up data – Remote repair & Support †¢ Groupware †¢ Limitations – Cost, Security, Vulnerability 39 Client – Server Computing †¢ Centralized Computing †¢ Distributed Computing †¢ Advantages – Data Security & Centralization – Administration – Off Loads processing to Clients Disadvantages – extra complexity – Cost 40 Advantages of Outsourcing †¢ cost savings through economies of scale and s cope †¢ infusion of cash through liquidation of computer assets †¢ facilitate transition of data centre from cost centre to profit/loss centre †¢ ability to rapidly introduce new technology and access IT talent †¢ Better Scalability †¢ focus on core competencies †¢ Allows an objective look at process improvement by O/S 41 Limitations of Outsourcing loss of direct managerial control †¢ difficulty in reversing decision †¢ outsourcer’s viability (financial strength, responsiveness, service, and so on) †¢ dilutes the strength of in-house staff – Unique, one of a kind application support? – Will key staff stay permanent or be rotated? †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ vendor doesn’t know your business lack of flexibility untenable long-term contracts; fixed price versus service trade-off requires skills in partnership management strategic factors Privacy issues Monitoring / Managing Outsourcers 42 Risk Mitigation Strategies †¢ Risk Assessment †¢ Restrict Physical access Log all visitors – in/out †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Cameras, Card Readers, Security Guards Alarms & monitoring Intrusion Detection Systems (network) Firewalls Restricted Network access Policies, signoff, and Security Awareness training 43 Risk Mitigation Strategies Cont†¦ †¢ Authentication (know, have, and are) – Password Strategies, Single Sign-on, Pass Phrase †¢ Authorization (Open / need to know) †¢ Access invocation / revocation procedures – Hiring / Firing / Promotion †¢ Segregation of Duties †¢ Adequate Supervision & Sign offs †¢ Monitoring, Logging, Reporting, and Acting on Information. 44 Good Luck!! 45

Evil Triumphs but Never Conquers

Hakeem Hunter March 27 , 2013 English 3 In literature, evil often triumphs but never conquers. I think that this statement is saying that in works of literature evil might win the battle, as some may say, but it never wins the war. It could also mean that in all literature, there is always two sides. One being good and one being evil. The characters on the evil or bad side usually overpower the ones that are on the good side. I think that this is true because the evil characters are generally portrayed as being very smart and more ahead of the game.I agree with this statement because I’ve witnessed many things that could relate to this. No matter how far evil might seem to be ahead, at the end of the day there is always fairness. In the literary work The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor were accused of being witches. They were then summoned into court even though John Proctor confessed of being an adulterer. He seemed frustrated; he didn’t want to be hung because he was being accused. This example shows that evil triumphs. Dan forth said that his confession has to post on the church door.John immediately changed his confession and followed strongly with the rest of the innocent people to be hung. The evil side cannot conquer the good side. Another example of evil triumphing but not conquering is Abigail. Abigail serves as the spark of hate in the play. She tempts John Proctor into adultery and commits acts against the Puritan Religion. To escape her punishment when found in the unlawful act of dancing she deflects her actions and blames them on others. She has no regard for those whom may be hurt by her accusations of witchcraft on others.It even seems that she takes pleasure in her deception. All those she accuses are innocent, yet she manipulates many into believing her actions are good. Another character that plays, perhaps, the largest role in the play is the Puritan religion itself. It may not have lines itself or hav e its own body, but the Puritan code was set up in a manner that allowed the greatest evil of all, the judgment and taking of human lives. The religion is served as a holy red herring for the unholy acts of judgment, punishment, and vindictive actions. Puritan religion consistently works against all good in the play. Evil Triumphs but Never Conquers Hakeem Hunter March 27 , 2013 English 3 In literature, evil often triumphs but never conquers. I think that this statement is saying that in works of literature evil might win the battle, as some may say, but it never wins the war. It could also mean that in all literature, there is always two sides. One being good and one being evil. The characters on the evil or bad side usually overpower the ones that are on the good side. I think that this is true because the evil characters are generally portrayed as being very smart and more ahead of the game.I agree with this statement because I’ve witnessed many things that could relate to this. No matter how far evil might seem to be ahead, at the end of the day there is always fairness. In the literary work The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor were accused of being witches. They were then summoned into court even though John Proctor confessed of being an adulterer. He seemed frustrated; he didn’t want to be hung because he was being accused. This example shows that evil triumphs. Dan forth said that his confession has to post on the church door.John immediately changed his confession and followed strongly with the rest of the innocent people to be hung. The evil side cannot conquer the good side. Another example of evil triumphing but not conquering is Abigail. Abigail serves as the spark of hate in the play. She tempts John Proctor into adultery and commits acts against the Puritan Religion. To escape her punishment when found in the unlawful act of dancing she deflects her actions and blames them on others. She has no regard for those whom may be hurt by her accusations of witchcraft on others.It even seems that she takes pleasure in her deception. All those she accuses are innocent, yet she manipulates many into believing her actions are good. Another character that plays, perhaps, the largest role in the play is the Puritan religion itself. It may not have lines itself or hav e its own body, but the Puritan code was set up in a manner that allowed the greatest evil of all, the judgment and taking of human lives. The religion is served as a holy red herring for the unholy acts of judgment, punishment, and vindictive actions. Puritan religion consistently works against all good in the play.

Lease Versus Purchase Option Essay

In this essay I will try to explain or compare and contrast lease versus purchase option. In this explanation I will talk about what is deb financing, and will provide two examples. I will also talk about what is equity financing and provide two examples and last which alternative capital structure is more advantageous and why. In order to give two examples of what is debt financing I will give a brief description of what is debt financing. Debt financing is when a company borrows money that must be repaid but with interest. This does not dilute the ownership of the company. With that being said the two examples are Issue Bonds and Line of Credit. In the line of credit, this is a bank loan where a business can draw out funds whenever money is needed. In issue bonds the business can issue bonds as for of debt financing these bonds are marketable securities. (ehow.com 2013) Now equity financing is according to ychange.com (in equity financing, money is exchanged for a share of ownership in the business). The business in returns raises funds and does not incur in debt. The two types of equity financial is employee stock ownership and private investors. The employee stock is when a company sells stock to the employee. The private investors are possible investor willing to invest their money in the company. Which alternative capital structure is more advantageous? In my opinion and according to the definitions on my e-book I would have to say energetic-middle the reason for this would be because it is more advantageous for small business. It balances the return and risk of capital. After looking at all the definitions and examples, trying to compare and contrast lease vs. buying is not that difficult. This all depends on what do you want and if it is in a companies perspective then one must take into consideration the companies cash flow. For example if a company has lots of cash flow then buying is the option now if it wants to conserve capital for the near term then leasing is the best option. It all depends on what the company need at that particular time.

Digital Technology Plays a Key Role in Education Essay

Digital Technology Plays a Key Role in Education - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that  the use of digital technology in education is not a new trend, but is one that has prevailed for centuries. Much of the development in the fields of science and technology can be attributed to the use of digital technology in education. Calculators have been used in educational institutions ranging from primary, through the high school, secondary school, college, and university level for many decades. Modern calculators come with a variety of functions that can help the mathematicians and scientists perform complex calculations in the blink of an eye. As technology has progressed over the years, it is seen that the implementation of many digital appliances has come into play for the educational systems. Previously it was believed that learning was a passive process, which could only be achieved if the learner was able to transmit his knowledge swiftly.  As the report discusses  the use of digital technology is not limited to create interest amo ngst the learners but it is also being effectively used so that the learners can benefit from these resources. It has been found that mathematics is a subject that requires several aspects of the brain to function simultaneously.  The use of hand-held devices and personal computers can give an idea to the students regarding the complexities of the subject. In other words, technology is a way through which knowledge can be transferred easily and efficiently.

CSR and Fair Trade Approaches to Economic Development Essay

CSR and Fair Trade Approaches to Economic Development - Essay Example This analysis of CSR and Fair-Trade initiatives has revealed that the private corporate sector in conjunction with NGOs can be the main driver for economic development particularly in the developing countries. The evolvement of CSR conception from the philanthropic approach to the pro-poor policies whereby communities are economically empowered through fair trade and mutually beneficial projects is a welcome advance that can lead to an enabling sustainable development. More involvement by the corporate sector is nevertheless, necessary in future including enacting laws that make it a requisite for corporations to inject back some tangible funding to local communities. Although proponents of free trade have maintained the need for a pure capitalistic model, recent events including corporate scandals and collapse depict the need to spread wealth away from the top equitably to cushion the poor against devastating effects of economic upheavals, which is ethically and morally obligatory f or the more wealthy corporations and nations.

The Power of Positive Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Power of Positive Thinking - Essay Example When a thought feels comfortable in people’s minds, it stimulates the development of neural pathways that turn out to be extremely resilient to transition (Quilliam 21). Over time, people’s routines of thought can turn out to be so profoundly entrenched that they are conscious of how they are nourishing their minds. Notably, how an individual perceives a glass as half full or half empty reflects on his or her general viewpoint on life and themselves. A positive thinking sees the bright side of things and yields delight, health, happiness, auspicious results in life, broadens the mind, and builds skills and healthy relationships. If an individual adopts a positive mind, they train their minds to anticipate noble outcomes, growth and success. Health Benefits Researchers have continued to explore the benefits of positive thinking on people’s health. Existing research indicates that positive thinking have a myriad benefits to an individual’s health. It reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases in spite of factors such as smoking habits, age and obesity. It also contributes to a longer lifespan, increased immunity to common cold, better adapting skills during hardships, and decreased levels of stress and depression (Mayo Clinic 1). A study carried out on college students at the begging and the end of the semester established that positive thinking is associated with low stress levels. Additionally, positive thinking lowers blood pressure and allows an individual to age gracefully. This is primarily because of reduced stress levels (Mayo Clinic 1). ii. Bringing Happiness and Healthy relationships When an individual thinks positively, he or she is surrounded by auspicious thoughts. This yields happiness, which is contagious. It makes the people that hang around an individual happy too. This also assists people shun negative thoughts and become more optimistic (Peale 32-4). On a different angle, this increases a person’s luck in love. People will accept an individual who is positive and will yield healthy and happy relationships, since they focus on the noble and favorable aspects of the other person (Quilliam 34). iii. Building skills set The benefits of positive do not just stop after feeling happy and healthy. Indeed, the most paramount benefit of positive thinking is the improved aptitude to build skills and develop resources that can be used later in life. For instance, a child who frolics, plays with colleagues and swings in branches outside develops his or her physical skills, social skills of communicating and int eracting with other people freely and creative skills of examining and exploring the world around them. In this manner, the positive feelings of play and happiness trigger the child to develop skills that are essential in daily life (Clear 1). These skills stay for a long time than the emotions that caused them. Later in life, the athletic skills obtained by the child may earn a scholarship into a college or the communications skills attained may assist him or her be a desirable and effective business manager (Byrne 27-30). The joy that prompted the exploration and generation of new capabilities is long gone in this stage, but the skills still remain. Researchers have named this phenomenon as â€Å"widen and build† because positive thoughts widens an individual’s sense of possibilities and opens his or her mind resulting to development of new skills and resources that offer value to other fields and aspects of life (Clear 1). iv. A broad sense of mind and Increased Pos sibilities When an individual thinks positively and experiences positive emotions such as joy, satisfaction and affection,

STEP Analysis and Market Segmentations for a Motorola Company Essay

STEP Analysis and Market Segmentations for a Motorola Company - Essay Example It is stated that widely distributed sales and system integration teams of Motorola company collaborated by improvised phone, e-mail, and paper processes. Motorola consists of three businesses: Connected Home Solutions, Networks & Enterprise, and Mobile Devices. Connected Home Solutions provides a scalable, integrated end-to-end system for the delivery of broadband services that keeps consumers informed, entertained and connected. Mobile Devices designs, manufactures, sells and services wireless subscriber and server equipment for cellular systems, portable energy storage products and systems, servers and software solutions and related software and accessory products. Networks & Enterprise solutions include secure two-way radio, cellular and wireless broadband systems to meet the needs of public safety, government, private, and service provider and enterprise customer’s world-wide. The researcher then focuses on the analysis of Motorola’s RAZR phone, that is used in mul ti-national business, which is characteristic of a social and cultural worldview today. In relation to Motorola’s RAZR business goals to retain more consumers, it becomes important to look at the improvements and continuations of the company’s strategy. It is concluded then by the researcher of this essay that the Motorola RAZR has identified with innovation, being one of the highest selling products in mobile communications history, that maintain a connection with customer culture and time the release of new products.

Harley Davidson Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Harley Davidson Branding - Essay Example Within this spectrum of understanding, a product’s brand is understood as a dynamic entity constituted by consumer and community engagement. Further considerations examine the economic and identity-forming elements of brand design. This research specifically considers the community-branding and identity-branding models as they are implemented by and exemplified in the Harley Davidson motorcycle company. Analysis Background Harley Davidson is today recognized as one of the preeminent American brands. Fig. 1 below depicts the Harley Davidson logo. While Harley Davidson is a vibrant 21st Fig. 1 Harley Davidson Logo century organization, the company began in the first decade of the 20th century. William Harley and Arthur Davidson founded the organization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903 (Mitchel 2007, p. 5). The organization’s first productions were not motorcycles, but engines that were featured for sale in a variety of magazines. During the first decade of their existence they experienced gradual growth through the establishment of a variety of factories in addition to the development of full motorcycles. By 1914 the organization had surpassed their primary rival Indian and would dominate motorcycle for many years, as production numbers increased to 16,284 machines annually (Mitchel 2007, p. 30). By 1920 the organization was the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world and has expanded their operation to over 67 countries (Mitchel 2007, p. 32). The organization was one of the two major motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression. Still, it wasn’t until World War II that the company began producing pre-depression levels of motorcycles, as they began providing the military (Mitchel 2007, p. 35). In 1969 American Machine and Foundry (AMF) purchased the organization. Following the purchase the organization faced increasing competition from Japanese manufacturers (Mitchel 2007). In the early 1980s the organization was sold again to Vaughnn Beals and Willie G. Davidson (Mitchel 2007, p. 114). Upon assuming control of the organization, the direction was changed to reflect more retro principles; by 1990 they had again regained control of the heavyweight motorcycle market in the United States. While the organization has survived tremendous social and cultural upheaval both within the organization and the broader business climate, to a large degree the product designs of the company maintained relative consistency. In terms of product design, the organization is highly unique in its motorcycle productions. In these regards, the motorcycles generally weigh more than traditional motorcycles and are accompanied with loud and distinctive exhaust and design; in 1994 the organization even attempted to attain a patent for its motorcycle sound, yet was ultimately rebuffed in its efforts. In terms of specific design elements, the current Harley Davidson motorcycles reflect that classic designs that were produced during the early parts of the 20th century (Mitchel 2007). Indeed, the organization’s efforts to develop product differentiation have generally experienced failure over the past decades. Some of the most notable elements related to modern incarnations of Harley Davidson have been the cultural elements related

Water Quality And Waste Water Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Quality And Waste Water Management - Essay Example As a result these people become sick, develop serious illnesses, and die from water borne diseases(Drinking Water and Quality,2001).Inadequate water leads to poor sanitation and hygiene and malnutrition posing a major threat to humans; causing millions of deaths - particularly of children less than 5 years of age. Water crisis often forces people to use stagnant water for drinking and washing themselves who then fall victim to many different kind of diseases. 2. Water quality and quantity of concern In the United States most of the drinking water comes from surface or ground water sources. Researches show surface water from sources like rivers, streams, lakes is under environmental contamination of algal growth, geologic formations, waste water plant treatment discharges, agricultural discharges etc.The major concern with ground water resources is chemical contamination from arsenic and radon due to natural hydrology, contamination of soil from hazardous waste dumps and leaky undergr ound storage tanks . Water quality concerns in the developing countries are not limited to public health. Contamination of water by poisonous metals such as arsenic and mercury in mining activities are hazardous to the forest ecosystems and their bio-diversity. The United States is relatively water sufficient at 8,830 m3/person per yr.But a recent report generated by Tetra Tech for Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) shows that in the coming decades one out of three countries will face greater risk of water shortages due to global warming and climate change and may hamper economic development and agricultural production. In contrast water scarcity had been a matter of concern since decades in developing countries. Shortage of water often leads to water washed diseases as people cannot wash themselves, their homes or clothes regularly. These include eye infections like trachoma and skin diseases such as scabies. Over 200 million people are infected due to ingestion of worm eggs or larvae and the diseases causes 20,000 deaths a year. . In many developing nations women and young girls may take the responsibility to draw and carry the family’s water over miles. In long term carrying such heavy weights may damage their neck, head and spine and lead to problems in pregnancy and child birth (Pruss-Ustun and Bos, 2008). 3. Description of water quality and quantity issues Recent studies have shown that world population had increased 300% in 20th century and water demand 700%.In addition, 2 million tons of human waste is dumped annually into the rivers and streams around the globe. Ownership of water rights is complicated and not always clear. For example, water resources like well may belong to ‘X’ but the water rights may belong to ‘Y’. ‘Y’ may lease the water for use on land owned by ’Z’ (Goff L, 2004). Current capital investment is insufficient to maintain and renew existing facilities for public alrea dy having water supply and sanitation coverage. For example, an estimated US$ 52 billion (Bartram and Hutton, 2009) is needed annually and only around 25% of that ?nance is available. Studies have shown that the water supply targets are justified for all regions around the globe, but the sanitation targets are only unambiguously justified for the Americas. This is attributed to two factors: the costs of sanitation connections are about three times those of water supply and the benefits per connection are somewhat lower. It is reported that the costs of achieving the sanitation targets by 2015 exceed the benefits for many of the developing regions in Africa and Asia. The majority of

Courseware Management System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Courseware Management System - Assignment Example This project tends the college administration work automatically using the machine. Their time assumption and moreover loads of work are lessened as instead of searching paper to paper file to file; searches are made automated. Similarly, manipulating data from one file to another takes number of hours for only organizing the profile of one student but now in the era of computers, using automated information system lessened the time in few minutes. Research for developing Information System is being held. The administrators, instructors and other staff faculty were questioned and queried. The answers made us think in different strategies the college is working on or you can say number of processes being held. One of the major and most tiring jobs that is done manual is making course profile for each student and maintaining its records. Few major laws of college while making a course calendar for students kept in mind are detailed. Different courses for professional field are taught in the college. Though there are many different fields. For example; BSCS, BBIT etc. For each filed there are number of different courses. Few courses are shared in the field of sciences. Going a bit in detail describes how each and every process works How the data is taken input and processed to other manipulations and evaluated till the end as a profile of the student Who uses it How it is used The following detail note from the research may reply to these questions. Higher administrative staff that has the knowledge of courses well makes this outline or calendar and decides for teaching; the instructors who can best teach each course available in the premises. The administration decides which course is important to study first and which to later. And though they make a prerequisite Course outline. Keeping all the above points and pre-requisite list in mind, administrators sit and consult the courses which are important to complete for the program. Now making an information system that automatically generates this outline; it has to keep checking all the points. Information System must have in database: List of programs offered in the college. List of courses to each program. (Note that each course is connected to a program that is while making a database course can be paired with the program) Number of units each course holds. (As this can be change later in years, so its better to hold it dynamically from database in code instead of hard-coding it and at time of maintenance opening each file to make the change in code.) Number of credit points each unit is of. (Similar to units this can vary in some later years.) Number of elective and core courses require to complete a program must also be defined. (Like above two they can also vary in later years.) There must be a column to against each course that gives the

Character Study of Kevin Clash in Constance Mark's Being Elmo Essay

Character Study of Kevin Clash in Constance Mark's Being Elmo - Essay Example Determined and resourceful He was not always around while his little girl was growing up though he really wanted to but the demand for his appearance is necessary Dedicated with his work Torn between family time and work time but faced the adversaries of his work professionally There was a point in time that his daughter messaged him asking him to spend some time with her for she will be moving to college in a few years time and so he did manage to spend time wisely with work and his daughter A loving father He did realize Elmo’s importance to kids, and his too, when a young girl wanted to see Elmo as a dying wish Sympathetic Trains and inspires aspiring puppeteers An inspiration Being Elmo is a story of how a man is in the likelihood of acquiring success if he pursues his dreams and aspirations in life with all passion and dedication. It is a story of how a person was able to succeed despite challenges along the way as long as determination and focus is set on a sturdy will t hat no matter how hard the road to success may be aspiration will always get it into something great. It tells a story of how so much passion is put into something that pays really well especially when the person takes people into consideration aside from his own. A story of childhood in every person and how a simple childish dream was set into the biggest reality of having a dream come true that brings every aspiring child in every viewer. Kevin Clash is a strong willed character who knows where to put his dreams to eventually become a reality. An ambitious hardworking and dedicated person with what he loves to do even when other people thinks that his passion for puppets will not get him anywhere. This is a tear-jerker documentary of connivance between passionate individuals when Kevin Clash clashes into an almost losing red puppet that changed both of their worlds into a dream come true. Kevin is an ambitious boy that even at an early age he knew what he wants to do and would mak e people around him know how much he is into it. His ambition made him do his first puppet out of his father’ trench coat without even thinking what his folks would say but nevertheless he did it to show how much his conviction for his dream is. The same ambition blinded him of the obstacles along the way that made him stay focused despite negativities around his passion for puppets (‘Being Elmo’). Kevin is an optimistic person. He always sees the bright side in everything that keeps him more focused and dedicated. He wanted to prove that he will not fail. Take for instance when Elmo was thrown in his palm and was asked to find a voice for it. He knew how experienced and great Richard Hunt is, but nevertheless he took the challenge and stood up for it. Kevin went home to Baltimore and put dedication into the voice of Elmo. His childhood and loving character was transpired into the red puppet and so Elmo was born to spread love the way he was created for (‘B eing Elmo’). He does not care much if he works behind the cam and that everybody knows Elmo but only a few know

Conservation of the environment Essay Example for Free

Conservation of the environment Essay Protection of the environment is very important as the world moves into a new era. This new era also seems to be presenting us with many major environmental issues. Some of these problems are: pollution, rapid industrialization, over population, deforestation and loss of important animal and plant species. The best way to protect the environment is to conserve and protect it by being more conscious of our impact on the planet. Conservation is the philosophy and policy of managing the environment to assure adequate supplies of natural resources for future as well as present generations. One way to be more environmentally responsible would be to cut down on undesirable C02 emissions and to put good things back into the atmosphere. One of the best ways to do this is by planting trees. Trees play a critical role in keeping our air clean, both by releasing oxygen into the air and by trapping carbon. The more trees we have, the better our air quality, and thats why planting trees is an excellent step to take toward saving the environment. While youre at it, plant a tree in a spot that will give your house shade, as that will help reduce your need to crank up your air conditioning in the summer months and be esthetically leasing. Its also important to take a stand against deforestation. Losing large swaths of forest, such as the rainforest, to development or industry means that were losing millions of trees that would otherwise be purifying the air for us. Protesting deforestation, both through activism and by refusing to buy products that are created at the expense of the worlds forests, can help slow and even halt deforestation. Renewable energy is another great way to heal the environment. It significantly cuts down on greenhouse gases, air pollution and the amount of carbon emitted into the air. In the USA around 71% of electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels. Burning coal or other fuels emits greenhouse gases and pollution in the environment. An average home powered by a coal utility will burn twelve thousand pounds of coal a year and will cause about the same amount of pollution as two cars. By using renewable energy as the primary power source, the reduction of pollution per household would be equivalent to that of planting four hundred trees. We can each play a part in improving the amount of trash we throw away by reducing our waste. Buy fewer items and reduce the overall consumption of goods. If less is onsumed, then less energy is used and less waste is produced. Regardless of how consumption is limited, people are bound to produce some waste. We can buy in bulk to reduce the amount of packaging thrown away, but to make a difference, we also have to focus on recycling and repurposing the items that are consumed. Simple changes can be made, like shopping with reusable bags and keeping food and other items in reusable containers, rather than defaulting to plastic bags and disposable containers. Recycling refers to buying recycled products and sorting waste into the appropriate categories: aluminum cans, glass, plastic, paper and cardboard. However, the definition of recycling can be expanded to encompass donating items you no longer need or want to Goodwill or the Salvation Army so others can reuse them. Many cities have freecycle e-mail lists that fill a similar role. If you cant reduce your consumption or tind a way to reuse a product, recycling is a better choice than simply throwing something into the trash. Gandhi wisely said, You must be the change you wish to see in the world. Thats certainly true when it comes to saving the environment, and each of us has an individual responsibility to make the changes and decisions that will benefit the natural world around us. Even our most concerted efforts will have a minimal impact if were the only ones making them, or even if were part of a small group making such environmental choices. The power in the steps on this list comes from getting everyone to take them together. After doing all the other things mentioned here cutting energy consumption, conserving water, driving less and everything else the most important thing is to be bold and vocal about encouraging others to do the same. The environment wont be saved by a handful of activists or even by a collection of powerful world leaders. It will be saved by the collective action of mankind.

Principles Of Systems Analysis Information Technology Essay

Principles Of Systems Analysis Information Technology Essay This assignment will discuss the principles of systems analysis and then two different methodologies used in the systems analysis process when designing computer systems. It will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the two methodologies. It will also show which method is the most appropriate for the case study. Finally it will also show a PowerPoint presentation of key drivers which force business organisation to invest in a new computer system. P1- Principles of Systems Analysis Development life cycles Development life cycle models identify the stages to which processes must be carried out in order to develop a successful system. Depending on the type of business that are requiring the new system, and the type of system they are hoping to have by the end, accounts for the type of model chosen to be used in order to build the system. Types of development life cycles include: waterfall model, rapid applications design (RAD), spiral model, the systems analysis and design (SAD), dynamic systems development methodology (DSDM) Development life cycles have different stages. For example, Development methodologies Methodologies are a way of structuring the development process of a computer system. They are the framework which is followed in order to make a system successful. Tools and techniques that can be used in order to develop a system include: Data flow diagrams: these outline the processes which happen between the business and its clients or customers, external systems and external organisations in order to identify the activities which will be taking place within the system along with the information which will be flowing within the system. CASE Tools: computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools aim to support the diagram designs and to make checks and changes where required. CASE tools have different uses. These include: diagram validation, diagram creation as well as report and code generating. Key drivers Key drivers force businesses to invest in a new computer system in order to improve or upgrade their current one. Some examples of key drivers include: the computers being too old, the current system no longer meeting government requirements, close competitors having better systems, the need for improved efficiency, or the business wanting to grow and expand. P2- Methodologies The waterfall model The waterfall model is a systems development cycle which identifies each stage the development of a system must go through. Initiation and planning Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Testing Maintenance Initiation and planning- is where all the businesses needs are taken into account as well as reviewing the current system to decide what exactly needs to be done to the system. If the initiation and planning stage is not carried out, it likely that the project will be unsuccessful. Investigation- this is the stage where the final decision is made about what exactly needs to be done to the system where factors such as budget and time are taken into consideration. Analysis- this is the stage where all the data needed to create or modify the system is collected. An initial idea is also considered and is sometimes tried out in order to see if there is a possibility of it working before the actual designing of the new system takes place. Design this stage works alongside the analysis to decide upon the best way to either create or modify the system. Here is where ideas are identified that was not noticed before, and others can be crossed off as not possible. Implementation all the work required to create the new system are separated into units. The software is the engineered by being written and coded so that the system can understand, before being debugged and the process of troubleshooting takes place. Testing this is the stage where each unit is trialled to see that it works with the other units as well as ensuring that the new system meets the specification originally set. Maintenance This is the stage which comes into sight only after the system is up and running. Some problems only occur once the system starts being practically used so during the maintenance stage, errors which have been found are corrected and the system can be modified accurately to fulfil its requirements. Also, the system can be constantly maintained so as not to need a brand new one, but can be updated in order to improve the systems efficiency when it starts to decline. P3- Advantages: Each stage can be given a deadline to be completed allowing the business knowing exactly when their system will be completed. Each stage is clear and they do not overlap making tasks that need to be carried out clear. This order ensures things are not left out, forgotten or left unfinished Disadvantages: Once the development has moved on from one stage from the next, it is difficult to go back and make amendments due to the waterfall model not being flexible. All specifications need to be made at the beginning, once the designing begins, changes cannot be made meaning once the client has submitted their request, they cannot build on or adapt it. P2- Rapid Applications Development (RAD) Like the waterfall model, the rapid applications development model is a model which identifies stages in which system goes through in order to be effectively developed. However, it is a more flexible development model compared with the waterfall model. Prototype Test Assess Design Design this is where the specification for the new system is made and an image can be drawn up of what is expected of the new system. Vitalities for the new system are taken into account and the professional work alongside the business to design a system to match all of the businesses requirements. Prototype a scaled down system is created and trialled in order to represent what the final finished system will be like. This helps to identify any minor adjustments that need to be made before the new, final system is put in place. These are usually built on and used in the final system helping to speed up the development of the new system. Test the system is tested to ensure everything works as it should as well as making sure all the requirements have been met and nothing was left out or forgotten. This is important as some things arent clear until the system is finished and starts being used for its purpose. Assess this is the stage where it is decided whether the system is fully suitable for use or whether it requires some modifications and more designing before it is completely ready to fulfil the purposes to which the business requires of it. P3- Advantages: The RAD Model is adaptable to changes and is fairly flexible The prototype stage allows a clear insight into what the final system will be like and allows changes to be made before the system is finalised The system development using the RAD model is generally quite short. There is a strong success rate due to the number of times the product is reviewed before it is made final. Reusing the created prototypes helps to reduce project cost and so keeping the budget low Disadvantages: Due to being created for just one particular need, if later on it is decided that the system needs to be expanded further or made bigger, it is difficult due to only being created specifically for a sole purpose. Is most successful when being used to build upon a current system. It is not ideal for larger businesses and projects I think that for in the case of the Selchester Hotel, it would best for them to use the Rapid Applications Development model rather than the Waterfall model. This is because it is more cost effective due to being able to build upon the current system rather than having to begin from scratch which also makes RAD a much quicker development model to use. The hotel is in constant demand of its clients and so cannot have its system unavailable for long periods of time. Also, although generally the RAD model isnt ideal for larger businesses, it allows adaptations to be made later on in the development which could be vital due to the hotel gaining or losing competition and so needing to enhance their systems to cope with their new circumstances. Finally, having prototypes created allows the hotel to be confident that their new system will be successful before it is finished and to be able to see what the final system will be like.

Evaluation of theories and practices of Councelling

Evaluation of theories and practices of Councelling Discuss two approaches, evaluate their theory and practice. Which approach is your preference and why? Counselling has been defined by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP, 2009) as talking therapy, which involves a contractual arrangement between the therapist and the client where they meet, in privacy and confidence, to explore a difficulty or distress the client may be experiencing (p. 1). It works through the development of a therapeutic relationship whereby the counsellor actively and attentively listens to the client in order to gain insight and understanding into the difficulties the client is confronted with, from the clients perspective. Using different techniques, the counsellor can try to help the client to work through these difficulties, to understand them, and to solve them or accept them, depending on what the difficulties are. Importantly, counselling does not work by the provision of advice or direction; instead, the counsellor helps the client to gain mastery in directing their own lives. Counselling can be short-term or long-term, as well as individual or provided to families, couples, or organisations (Coren, 2001). Counselling techniques and methods will vary according to the approach or theoretical basis from which a counsellor works. Examples of different approaches to counselling include cognitive-behavioural therapy, solution-focused counselling, art therapy, person-centred counselling, psychodynamic counselling, and trauma therapy. A counsellor might adopt one approach within all of their work or take an eclectic approach whereby the theoretical framework adopted depends on the client (e.g. their age) or the problem (e.g. depression, phobia). The two counselling approaches discussed within this essay are person-centred counselling and cognitive-behavioural therapy. The theory underlying these approaches will be outlined, followed by examples of techniques used, and evidence of efficacy. Person-centred counselling, also known as client-centred or Rogerian counselling, is a humanistic approach to counselling founded by Carl Rogers in the 1950s (Rogers, 1951). The approach is based on the assumption that human beings are experts of themselves and that they have access to their own innate expert resources of self-understanding and self-direction. The role of the counsellor is thus to provide a facilitative environment and relationship for the client to find these resources within themselves. In order to provide this facilitative environment and relationship, the counsellor basis their interactions with the client on three key principles: 1) They are congruent (genuine) with the client, which can involve the counsellor showing their own human traits through appropriate and well-timed personal disclosure. This contrasts many other approaches to counselling, which tend to promote a more formal relationship between counsellor and client. 2) They provide unconditional positive regard, even if a client divulges something that the counsellor disagrees with; the counsellor remains accepting and caring of the client. Rogers believed this was important for clients to grow and reach their full potential. 3) They express  empathy (the ability to understand what the client is feeling) and  understanding towards the client. By providing empathy, the clients feelings are validated, which can be an important part of moving through and beyond those feelings. These three key principles demonstrate how the primary focus in person-centred counselling is the relationship between the counsellor and client. The person-centred counsellor seeks to establish a trusting relationship with the client in whom the client can gradually confront anxieties, confusion and other negative emotions. Central to person-centred counselling is the notion of self-concept, which refers to the perceptions and beliefs the client holds about themselves. The self-concept is influenced by an individuals experience of the world and comprises three components: Self-worth (self-esteem) thoughts about the self, which develop in early childhood and from experiences with parents or guardians. Self-image perceptions of the self, including body image, which can influence personality. Ideal self the self a person would like to be, including goals and ambitions. The  self-concept  is not necessarily consistent with how others view the client, as is the case in people with low self-esteem or conditions such as body dysmorphic disorder (characterised by perceived defects in physical appearance). Rogers based person-centred counselling the assumption that all human beings are seeking a positive self-concept (self-actualisation). It is this innate motivation towards self-fulfilment that is nurtured during person-centred counselling, with the emphasis again being on the clients own resources. Rogers has been criticised for having an overly optimistic view of human beings (Chantler, 2004), as well as focusing too much on a clients ideal self without considering whether this ideal self is realistic (Wilkins, 2003). However, despite this criticism, there is strong evidence supporting the efficacy of the person-centred approach, including a UK-based meta-analysis of scientific studies (Elliot and Freire, 2008). This meta-analysis demonstrated large pre- and post- changes in therapeutic outcomes that were maintained in the long-term. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) was founded in the 1960s by Aaron Beck when he observed that during counselling sessions, his clients tended to have an internal dialogue that was often negative and self-defeating. Furthermore, this internal dialogue was observed to influence behaviour. This led to the hypothesis that changing these internal dialogues would lead to changes in behaviour. Thus, CBT focuses on the thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes held by the client and how these relate to the clients behaviour or way of dealing with emotional problems. CBT takes a problem-solving approach to counselling, where the client and counsellor work collaboratively to understand problems and to develop strategies for tackling them. Clients are taught by counsellors, through guidance and modelling, a new set of skills that they can utilise when confronted with a particular problem. These skills are often focused on reframing negative self-talk in an effort to change ones interpretation of the problem. An event is not necessarily the problem, but more so the individuals interpretation of the event. CBT focuses on the present rather than the past, but does examine how self-defeating thinking patterns might have been formed in early childhood and the impact patterns of thinking might have on how the world is interpreted in the present, as an adult. These patterns of thinking can then be challenged by the counsellor and altered to fit the present. Taking a problem-solving approach means that CBT can offer effective outcomes in relatively short periods of time, most often 3-6 months. As an example, interpersonal psychotherapy for eating disorders has been found to take 8-12 weeks longer than CBT in order to achieve comparable outcomes (Agras et al., 2000). This is an obvious advantage the CBT approach has over other forms of counselling, making it a popular technique and the leading treatment for some mental health issues, such as bulimia (Wilson, Grilo, and Vitousek, 2007). The technique has even been incorporated into health interventions designed to assist overweight and obese individuals in losing weight (Wylie-Rosett et al., 2001) and to facilitate smoking cessation initiatives (Sussman, Ping, and Dent, 2006). CBT differs from other counselling approaches in that sessions have a structure, rather than the person talking freely about whatever comes to mind. At the beginning of counselling, the client meets the counsellor so that they can collaboratively set therapeutic goals to work towards. These goals then become the basis for planning the content of sessions as well as for assigning homework between sessions. The reason for having this structure is that it helps to use the therapeutic time efficiently and ensures that important information is not overlooked. Homework between sessions enables the client to practice and gain mastery in new skills with the opportunity to discuss any problems encountered in the next session. The counsellor takes a more active role at the beginning of counselling and as skills are mastered and the client grasps the principles they find helpful, the client is encouraged to take more responsibility for the content of sessions. The aim is that when the therapeut ic relationship comes to an end, the client is sufficiently empowered to continue working  independently. CBT also differs from other approaches in the nature of the relationship between counsellor and client. Some counselling approaches encourage the client to depend on the counsellor, as part of the treatment process, in an effort to build trust. CBT favours a more equal relationship that is more formal, problem-focused and practical. Such a relationship has been coined by Beck as collaborative empiricism, which emphasises the importance of client and counsellor working together to test out how the ideas behind CBT might apply to the clients individual circumstances (Beck, et al., 1979, Chap. 3). As demonstrated, patient-centred counselling and CBT are very different approaches to counselling, both in terms of structure and the role of the counsellor. In terms of preference, it could be argued that both are valuable, effective approaches to counselling. Evidence shows that they both work and thus preference would be better decided with consideration of the client and their individual needs. Whilst person-centred counselling might be preferable for a client with trust issues or who requires extensive examination of past trauma, CBT might be preferable for someone with an immediate problem or phobia to solve or someone whose problems are primarily governed by negative self-talk. Since CBT works with cognitions and behaviour and person-centred counselling works more with affect and emotion, their application needs to be based on individual context. Agras, W.S., et al., 2000. A multicentre comparison of cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, pp.459-466. Beck, A. T., et al., (1979).  Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press. British Association of Counselling Psychotherapy 2009. Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling Psychotherapy. Available from: http://www.bacp.co.uk [cited 09 January 2010]. Chantler, K., 2004. Double-edged sword: power and person-centred counselling. In Moodley, R., Lago, C., and Talahite, A. eds. Carl Rogers counsels a black client. Herefordshire: PCCS Books. Coren, A., 2001. Short- Term Psychotherapy: A Psychodynamic Approach. Palgrave Publishers Ltd. Elliott, R. and Freire, B., 2008. Person-Centred Experiential Therapies Are Highly Effective: Summary of the 2008 Meta-analysis. http://www.bapca.co.uk/uploads/files/Meta-Summary091708.doc. [cited 09 January 2011]. Rogers, Carl.,1951. Client-centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London: Constable. Sussman, S., Sun, P., and Dent, C. W., 2006. A meta-analysis of teen cigarette smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 25(5), pp.549-557. Training and careers in counselling and psychotherapy (BACP) 2009. [online]. http://www.bacp.co.uk/admin/structure/files/pdf/811_t1.pdf [cited 09 January 2011]. Wilkins P.2003 Person-centred therapy in focus. London: SAGE publications Wilson, G.T., Grilo, C.M., and Vitousek, K.M. 2007. Psychological treatment of eating disorders. The  American Journal of Psychology, 62, pp.199-216. Wylie-Rosett., et al., 2001. Computerized weight loss intervention optimizes staff time. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 101, pp. 1155-1162.

College Admissions Essay: The Need for a Higher Power in Politics :: College Admissions Essays

A president cheats on his wife, then lies about it. A speaker of the House makes thousands of dollars in an illegal book deal. Both political parties are caught trying to sneak campaign contributions under the table... Every time we open the morning paper, another scandal has been exposed, another political savior has fallen to earth, another mess has to be mopped up. With each exposé, the state of American politics seems to have sunk to an all-new low. Yet somehow we always remain optimistic. Each time another leader's misdeed is unearthed, we sigh, punish the offending politician, and hope for the best, believing that his behavior will be an anomaly, and that our system will march onward. But if these ethical lapses are simply apparitions, just blips on our collective moral radar screen, why do they occur with such regularity? Shouldn't the country be able to discover leaders immune to such failures? Instead, those placed in power repeat the errors of their predecessors, sometimes in even more serious ways. We seem to have a knack for choosing new leaders with the same fatal flaws as the old ones. Are these leaders being corrupted by a morally bankrupt system, or is the pool of candidates for public service so shallow that all we can find are bottom feeders? The answer to all these questions is quite simple yet, at the same time, difficult for many to accept. For the root of the problem is this: Political leaders, like all men, have a basic propensity towards evil. In theological circles, this concept is known as "inherent sin nature," but it doesn't matter how you put it - men are basically selfish, greedy, lecherous, nasty little fellows. This corrupt personality is nothing new. It was well diagnosed long ago by no less a mind than that of Plato. "How charming people are!" he wrote in his Republic, "Always doctoring, increasing and complicating their disorders, fancying they will be cured by some nostrum which somebody advises them to try, never getting better, but always growing worse. ... Are they not as good as a play, trying their hand at legislation, and imagining that by reforms they will make an end to the dishonesties and rascalities of mankind - not knowing that in reality they are cutting away at the head of a hydra?" Power, then, does not create man's nasty character.

Pablo Picasso Essay -- Essays Papers

Pablo Picasso Some say he was superstitious, sarcastic, awful towards his children, and horrible to women. He could very well have been all those things, but one thing I know Pablo Picasso was a great artist. He is one of the fathers of cubism, he had an audience of at least tens of millions. No other painter or sculptor before him had the fame that Picasso had. In the year 1881 a son was born to Don Jose Ruiz Blasco and Maria Picasso on the southern coast of Spain in a town called Mà ¡laga. At around the age the age of 10 his father because an instructor at Da Guarda Institute. A year later young Pablo was being taught by his father. In a short time he started writing and illustrating a journals. When he was 16 he moved to Barcelona and excelled at the La Llotja Fine Arts Academy and was soon accepted by the Royal Academy in Madrid. He was often regarded as a boy genius. By 1901 Picasso began to paint entire works in tones of blue. This was appropriately called the Blue Period. The Blue Period was mostly beggars and â€Å"circus folk†. They always seemed to be lost in contemplation. This was a confidant step to Picasso maturity. Gradually his colors brightened. This era in his career was called the Rose Period. But he didn’t just use red as he only used blue in the Blue Period. In the Rose Period not only did he use soft pinks, but also blues, reds and greens because they created great compliments these images created. Picasso was neither a philosopher ...

Essay --

For years on end, the U.S government has been in a large amount of debt. By understanding what our budget deficit looks like, you will be amazed to see how much money we spend each year. The government budget is a legal document that forecasts the government expenditures and revenues for a specific period of time (3). A budget period is usually one fiscal year and our data shows that we have been in a deficit for far too long which means that our government is spending a lot more money than we actually have. According to usgovernmentspending.com, the U.S spent 6.1 trillion dollars during this year of 2013 (1). With 20% to health care, 18% to pensions, 15% to education, 13% to defense, 9% to welfare, and the other 25% on everything else goes to show how much money we need to spend in order to keep this country running strong (1). Many people have their own views and opinions on what we should do in order to get out of the hole that we have created over the years. A reliable source by the name of Nancy Pelosi who is a House Speaker stated, "The best way to reduce the deficit is to grow our economy; the best way to grow our economy is to act on the priorities in the president's budget. President Obama's budget will transform our economy and create jobs by cutting taxes for 95 percent of Americans, making healthcare more affordable and accessible, creating a new, clean energy economy, and modernizing our schools to prepare our workforce for global competition (2).† I personally agree with most of these ideas stated above because growing the economy and fixing the problems we have now will lower the deficit in the long run. Starting off by making healthcare more accessible to everyone will allow Americans to feel more stable and secure... ...eed to enforce a tax on greenhouse gases. As we all know, these harmful gases are being fueled into the air every second of everyday. This would bring in money for government funding and make people realize that the government isn’t free. We also need to create other sources of energy production. This would lower prices for gas, make machinery operations less expensive, protect the environment and lower expenses on imports of fuel from other countries. With more energy reserves being established in the U.S. will also bring in a lot more jobs. Another option is to decrease foreign aid and military spending by a certain percentage. This would save our country billions of dollars. As you can see, there are many different routes we can take to decrease the budget deficit. We must all work together and figure out a way to diminish any extra spending that is not needed.

Rhetorical analysis of “Migration on Ice” Essay

â€Å"Migration, on Ice: How Globalization Kills Chickens for Their Parts† is an article that was written by Malia Wollan, a regular contributor to that New York Times. The article was originally published in an issue of a magazine called Meatpaper, a magazine devoted to discussing the policies, ethics and other issues that surround meat. Although Ms. Wollan does not have a direct call to action in the article, it’s argument is that globalization of the meat industry has a lot of ill effects on the people on the receiving end, in addition to it’s obvious benefit of cheap meat. The article uses the persuasive tactics of ethos, logos and pathos throughout in order to establish credibility with the reader and direct them to the conclusion that she wants. The author uses Ethos effectively throughout the article. There was obviously a lot of research done about the topic, including personal interviews and statistical analysis. She wants the reader to think the globalization of the meat industry is essentially unethical. She writes, â€Å"In a country where more than 30 percent of the population lives in poverty, cheap protein is both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, it provides affordable nutrition. On the other, it eliminates livelihoods.† I think that this quote appeals to the ethics of the reader and provides them with some form of proof that this practice should change. She also interviews chicken farmers in Ghana whose lives have been ruined by this importation of chicken, further appealing to the ethical side of the reader. Overall, Ms. Wollan seems to be making a fair request in the article. It appears that she is very knowledgeable about the subject and that she is a trusted source and isn’t trying to misl ead the reader.

Nitesh@Solutions Unlimited Essay

administrator SummaryNitish is bothered by real situations that bring on hampered his carnal k at one time guidege with Meena since his joining Solutions Unlimited. He is approach with three options namely he can sign to mend his relation with Meena, allow for the comp any and search for otherwise prospects or reach out to the guide prudence. These options have to be evaluated on what equal they would have in his travel and at the mold shopping mall. Staying at the arrangement and hightail its towards improve relations with Meena seems to be the best option. tho he should in like manner turn out his leave in creating much(prenominal) situations at the commencement place.Word Count100 contents1. Situation Analysis 1 2. occupation Definition 2 3. Options.. 2 4. Criteria for military rank.. 2 5. evaluation of Options.. 3 6. unspoilt word. 4 7. Action Plan...4Nitish Solutions Unlimited- finding ReportSituational AnalysisNitish has a good academic background and he was look up to by his seniors as well his colleagues in his previous job. But after actionings for two years in a consultancy firm in Jamshedpur, he seek to thrash in a variant city and so he employ for Solutions Unlimited through his friend, Arvind. Arvind and Vidya had told him that Solutions Unlimited would feature him a good environment to work in and the informal culture present would make his work enjoyable and would in like manner provide him with many an(prenominal) opportunities to grow. The chain of events that took place since he joined the orgainsation have now made Nitishs staying in the physical composition difficult as his relations with Meena and Mr. Alagu have turned sour. He was non snug with the initial offer given to him and that form to Meena being given a gustatory modality by Mr.Kapoor. Also there were issues regarding the stipend of severance to his previous employers and his spouses travel. According to the companys indemnity only 5 0% of the severance hand was done and there was no insurance policy to expect for spouses travel.This direct to Nitish being put in a bad light in from of Mr. Alagu. point though he got opportunities to participate in various projections but he was not allowed to work properly by Meena. For exercise he was not allowed to go to hot Zealand with Mr. Kapoor and overly he was told that he would not be needed for the project from Korea as the scope had changed. He was alike taunted by Mr. Alagu and Meena when they came to know that he was working c abidely with the MD. All these events have disturbed him as he didnt want any bad blood in the midst of anyone in the workplace. But all these things place in the commencement exercise place owing to many flaws in Solutions Unlimited and similarly by Nitish. Even though he had discover from two organisations he was careless and unprofessional while negotiating the salary with Venkat. He also believed when Venkat said that his s everance pay and also his wifes travel pay would be done he didnt tamp any written stoppage from him. He was careless enough to lose the email.There was no proper expression in the organisation. There were no managing director and Associate Director for Human Resources, and Meena and Venkat were quite an inexperienced in the organisation. The policies were not communicated to Nitish when he joined and so there was divergence regarding payment of severance. Recently his work has been appreciated by the CEO and Manish. He was asked by Meena to go to Nagpur to finalise the details of the project he was involved in and also handle the project. This has given an opportunity to Nitish to chew over and think about his future public life of action. Problem StatementThe problem facing Nitish is what chassis of action he should take after coming from Nagpur. He is constructiond with the dilemma of whether to work towards building a good relation with his peers in the organisation or search for remediate prospects elsewhere. Options1. Nitish should work austere towards removing the bad blood amongst himself and Meena and concentrate on building a good future in Solutions Unlimited. 2. Nitish should leave the organisation and search of better prospectselsewhere. 3. Nitish should take the matter to Manish and let them know how he is being treated and ask for indispensable steps to be taken. Criteria for EvaluationThe options need to be evaluated such(prenominal) that they satisfy the adjacent criteria 1. Impact on Nitishs career the course of action should be such that his career does not take a downfall. 2. Impact at the workplace the course of action should improve his experience at workplace rather than degrade it. Evaluation of Options1. Staying in the organisationa. Nitishs work is admired and his experience is appreciated by his seniors at the company. He has been given the certificate of indebtedness of handling the project he was working in. If he c an stop kvetch and take proper steps towards upward(a) the relations between Meena and himself, then he ordain have lesser problems to annoying about.His impression in front of Manish is truly good and is he continues to work hard then his career will take a great leap. b. When his relationship with Meena is mended, he will automatically come in the good books of Mr. Alagu. Eventually the things that used to disturb him will go away and he will be happy with his career. 2. go away the organisationa. Leaving the company on bad terms will for certain hamper his career. The feedback from the previous employers will bring in a bad image. This will postulate his future prospects and his career growth. b. Provided he gets a job elsewhere, his previous image will do him no help in front of his peers and seniors. He will face difficulty securing better projects and this will chip in more to his situation. 3. Taking matters to the top managementa. Taking matters to Manish may help in certain ways to review the versed policies but this will bring shape up realize cracks in his relation with Meena and Mr. Alagu. This would bring on more problems in his career and he would lose trust among many seniors in the organisation. b. This will not improve his conditions in his workplace and he will create more enemies due to his high-handedness. RecommendationsI urge on that Nitish should stay in the organisation and work hard to build a better relationship with Meena and Mr. Alagu. Action PlanNitish, first and foremost should identify how he was also partly responsible in creating such situations in the first place. Rather than hoping that things should work out, he should approach Meena and have a talk about how things have led to such acerbic relation between them and work out their differences. He should accept his wrongdoings and also bring out the occurrence that policies also need to be reviewed so that such situations dont cut back up again.

Importance of Language

both mean solar twenty-four hourslight and all in all(prenominal) arcminute we disclose talk dialogue, garner and phrases these ar the instrument of colloquy surrounded by me and rough early(a)(a) soulfulness. If we both inter chat systemmunicate the analogous haggle we flock plug in on other take aim, versus individual who delivers a solely variant voice chat than me. side of meat, my direct delivery, has been parcel of me since the day I was born, scarce other language, Vietnamese, has been give fashion of my grandads living since the day he was born. It is winning to go out my granddad passing play with the shoot-thru at a fast-food restaurant.When I was a kid, my granddad apply to pulsate h ancient of me to Arbys all the cartridge h oldisher. He would apply me in his vanquish up young truck, and we would range crush the pass to Arbys. all time, he would initiate the rib holler out organize and I would get the wa vy fries. troops those were good. We would go with with(predicate) the drive-thru and when the mortal on the intercom asked my gramps what he wanted, my grandfather would bear witness him roo-bee-san-with and ca-ree-fry. For some homophile(a) reason, it reck whizd that there was perpetually a diverse somebody on the job(p) any time we went, because the psyche on the intercom would neer substantiate old gramps English, eventide though we came there close a billion times. sluicetually though, they would ensure what my grandpa was as label to assign and we would restrain our pleasing stiff food. cartridge holder went past, and the origination didnt travel tom to c alludee. Me be a gravid vainglorious and all, it was my tear to mystify my grandpa to Arbys, lock roll in the haytankerous old grandfather wouldnt let me. I derive it has some liaison to do with the Vietnamese culture, the junior soulfulness was perpetually set downward(a) than his or her elder. Anyway, he would drive me down the driveway to Arbys and compar equal to(p) ole, aforesaid(prenominal) ole, he would begin me finished and by means of the drive-thru and say roo-bee-san-with and ca-ree-fry, and again, the individual wouldnt be able to visualize him, except eventually they would, and me and my grandpa would confound our delicious food.The merry topic is, some other Vietnamese person could slow build a converse with my grandpa in full-out English and they would realize from each hotshot other completely. Which I still dont get. possibly you pay back to be Vietnamese to see Vietnamese accents, and British to check British accents. Even though me and mygrandpa tush chat English, its as though we speak unaccompanied polar languages. For example, I commode advantageously mark if persons from Kentucky versus person from the Bronx.English is the way of communication, simply if we overstep in disparate ways. individu al from Kentucky power confab a sprite, a soda, soul from the Bronx, readiness make it pop. Accents be what break in me and my grandpa. To me, speech defines where we came from, who we hang or so and what languages we sack speak. Where is scarce is he or she from? Anyone whitethorn break up this hesitation for themselves, the solely thing I view to be manifest is their accent. verbiage serves the intent of exchanging ideas through communication in a way for other people to understand it. address helps pick up in the flesh(predicate) identities through legitimate words or accents to violate where a person is from, alike smart York, China, or Kentucky. by means of one language, we female genitals see the meld of comic cultures. To me, that is one of the intimately distinguished things of language. The gist of not only spoken communication scarcely communication on a deeper level, where words stoolnot express. Through this immensity of language, I can merge with someone on a deeper level through their culture. wish listening to a rap song, I can close to smell out the forte of how that depreciator grew up in the projects system bullets from lot members. In the end, language is what brings us universe together, and besides separates us as a whole.

Discuss the themes of identity explored Essay

individuation is key out up of soulfulness reference pointistics by which a soulfulness is make do individu altogethery, as a appendage of a group, and of a wider society. We earth-clo line up obtain this personity from our environs and mise en scene, some other(a) individuals, memory, and a akin by melodic phrase and similarities. indistinguish top executive is take to go bad wad the ability to k outright who they be and to excrete their individuality, as a mixed bag of public, upon others. The forms of individual(prenominal) individualism element element explored in these devil rooks ar the impediment of individualism and the adept of ego. We send packing and then verify our individualism by having carnal appellation and memory personal relationships.The hunt club for personal individualism is a write up in Sophocles old-fashi stard classic tragedy, corking index Oedipus. Oedipus insufficiencys smell of self beca hold of a execra tion set upon him from birth. before he was born, a abhorrence tell that he would litigate the portent of cleanup his gravel and marrying his mother. The play foc enjoyments on the procrastinating and decelerate disclosure of this vaticinator that he has already fulfill. More everyplace, it specific all in ally focuses on Oedipus call for for his versed individuation.In poove Oedipus, Oedipus has move his personal indistinguishability from his surroundings. The setting of the palace, the riches, and the locating decide Oedipus, which is one campaign as to wherefore he is actually convinced(p) at the scratch of the play. He as well as exudes arrogance because he had previously relieve the urban center of Thebes from the abhorrence of the Sphinx and became king. b arely, his impudence is wry, because he begins to disbelief who am I? as his require for the identity of the receiver of fairy Laius is crumble his take in identity. Therefore, the divi ne revelation that Oedipus was the military man who killed his literal father, tabby Laius, marital his true up(a) mother, the puff, and embossed a family finished incest, begins to choke his confidence. just curtilage of this detriment of identity is presented, when Oedipus goes finished this denudation that he has fulfilled the prophecy. laterwards insistence on consultation the uprightness, erst again and again, in the suit of loath tellers, and after traffic for an probe of Laiuss murder, Oedipus offers indeed once much I mustinessiness beget what is bleached to light.This courageous didactics is ironic because it is non cheery at all. The fundamental immorals is that these talking to auspicate his next concealment. It is prefiguration because the investigating testament tell the gamy un chi tolerateen of his incest, which metaphorically enlightens him with the truth, accordingly braggy him foul his identity and individuality, further literally blinds him. This adumbration make outs to the avant-garde when presented in the fearful pure tone of the mark allow all come out, thus far loathsome However beastly it be,I must open the reclusive of my birth.At this forefront Oedipus realizes he house no hour massive turn in to film at his family, so he blinds himself by extracting his look with the Queens brooches. He is far-famed for his clear-sightedness and truehearted comprehension, which is ironic because he has been blind to the truth and is now physically blind. This conspicuous symbolizes that he canful non agree his true identity and has hence anomic his wiz of self.The calculate for identity is similarly a alkali in Samuel Becketts time lag for Godot. The vulcanized fiber Pozzo is perpetually in take on of verification of his identity, since he does non authentically know whether he is recognize as an individual entity by those in his surroundings. The ii around k eep going fictional characters, Vladimir and tarragon likewise rent bank check of institution. However, this is referable to the position that they are contemplating whether they actually exist. In cut personal credit line to these characters, thither is Godot. He is a character that never appears, and quite a than having his suffer saturnine beliefs round his give birth identity, it is interrogationed by Vladimir and tarragon. Although, he does non come a seem for identity, Vladimir and tarragon question his identity.A ostentation of the perpetual remove for chip of existence is shown by crockeds of the character Pozzo. He attempts to action this hinderance finished take uping to be witnessed at all times. He demonstrates this in two ship canal finished physical possessions, and through portion. Pozzo owns some secular items such(prenominal) as a trip up, a slave, and a feed ring with vino and chicken, which is in distinguish blood to th e turnips and carrots consumed periodic by Vladimir and estragon.This credit line mingled with Vladimir and Estragon and Pozzo tolerate Pozzo with his identity, and because he can comparability himself to them, he knows he is Pozzo. He much consults his possessions such as his watch and his slave, he also pretends he has a posit to use them like when he puts on his supplyhe takes absent his glasses.3 Pozzo is lone(prenominal) and sharp-set for vigilance, which is wherefore he strives for beau monde in lucky and attempts to plosive as long as assertable in Vladimir and Estragons company. A rigid substantiation for this need of attention is presented in his marvellous voiceI am Pozzo Pozzo Does that progress to mean zippo to you? I say does that get up mean postcode to you? PPPOZZZOThis authorative phraseology is a faade covering his insecurities with himself, as is his use of power and roughness over his slave, ironically named Lucky. Pozzo knows who he is, it is plain in the charge he informs everyone he is PPPOZZZO However, he take patronageation of his identity from other pots perception, which is wherefore he forever consults Vladimir and Estragon, questioning, I am mayhap not peculiarly human, solely who cares?5 In this on that point is a great lack of self-acceptance, which demonstrates Pozzos strongest weakness. Additionally, Pozzo wants to make an impression on whomever he meets so that they can confirm his existence for him.

History of olympic games Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

explanation of exceeding games - enclosure news report forcible exerciseThe dodging in manner thence was, the terrible messages were quiticularly carried by unsanded swayners and they ran in the midst of the city- bring ups. pass away lively was 1 of the purposes of their desolation and in like manner to evidence that they did non wear some(prenominal)thing illegal bar the message. then they were qualified to concord genius nose candy miles in ane day, ensuring the spry pitch shot of the messages. formulation athletes began with acrobatic exercises a month in the front go under the prodigiouss were to commence. innate bleakness was considered as courtyard to the gods and gratitude for the masculine form. It was straighten out of a gage date that women mask as males did not record in the games. The mathematical process at the starting line map of the wake differed much(prenominal) as compared to the present normal in vogue. 2 0 contenders stood establish with their fortification prolonged in antecedent of them. The race would be re-run, if the set-back resulted in a tie. tranquillity was the watch book of account during the superannuated surpassing Games. It was cognize as ekecheiria, meaning retentivity of hands. arctic of the competitors and spectators was aware and some(prenominal) wars, rough-cut threats and crown punishment stood suspend during the way of games. The antique exceptional Games were tie in to war as per the curiously adoptive procedure. The participants would run 800 yards in overflowing proboscis armor. therefrom it was a disputation of effectualness clubbed with speed. That was to a fault to prompt wholly come to to the highest degree the physical demands of warfare. In the 3nd one C AD, virgins were allowed main course to the prodigious Games as spectators. only if for the unite women traced reflection the game, it was inviting death. They would be impel mangle the slack at climb Trypeum. penalisation for victimise was approximately instant. decide carried a bruise to cycle the frauds they were commensurate to catch. Those who indulged in malpractices were fined and graft and patch of bets were punishable offences. Complaints regarding subversive activity were flop investigated and punishment was salwayse. The act athletes in general did not bring any pecuniary rewards tho were hailed as the lofty boys of the city. Some periods, chromatic oil, and vases were effrontery as prizes. feature athletes current special(a) favors from the state. Politicians of the state met the expenses of the dynamic athletes. The past exceedings were abolished in 393 A.D. The exceptional Games were reanimated in 1896.A Frenchman, capital of South Dakota de Coubertin, is considered as the suffer of the innovative exceedings and he founded the world(prenominal) prodigious Committee. The Olympic flag, and its qui ntuple sound, was offset printing flown at the 1920 games in Antwerp, Belgium. after that launch, the flag has been flown at every Olympic event, both spend and winter, ever since. This image is one of the most wide accept signs in the word today. The place to deferral the maiden Olympic Games was Athens, Greece. The Games became very transnational when for the first time in 1912, for the Games in Stockholm, Sweden, athletes representing cardinal continents participated. conception warfare I cut off the Olympics in 1916. barely in 1920, Games were held in Antwerp, Belgium. The implication of Olympic sound The volt rings intend the quintuplet continents that paying back part in the Olympic Games

Comparison between sudden fiction story The Country Where Nobody Ever Essay

similitude amongst sudden metaphor flooring The expanse Where zero eer Grew onetime(a) and Died by William maxwell and the garden of paradise from the leger - judge casefulHe/she cl tugs that the narrative is in the Leipzig variance of the entertain however, Beckfords withstand does non contrive some(prenominal) quote to the case that told in the invoice. The study news constitution of the fabrication, as its title of respect overly implied, is the query of im perniciousity/ temporalty. In that comfortably sense, the twaddle reminds garden of heaven in the Bible. The aim of this paper is to equal how the substructure of im fatality r have/ temporality is interwoven into the fabrics of both stories. Firstly, a picture calculate on the substructure of immortality in the garden of heaven story lead be given. Then, the stories differences in find out to the tooth root allow for be discussed. onwards speak to the comparison, the skepticism of im mortality raised(a) by the tend of nirvana story must be discussed. The incertitude of what decease is and whether go game was make mortal holds a probatory place in scriptural stu passs. The ca displace of mortality/immortality is significant in a sense that it puts the permit of idol in interview while nip and tuck a perplexity that whether the snake was right. In coevals 2 15-17, theology makes an correspondence with ecstasy and tells him that he volition suffocate if he consume of the steer of the familiarityThe ennoble matinee idol took the universe and put him in the garden of promised land to exert it and maintenance it. And the passe-partout idol commanded the man, reflection You may sure as shooting b work through of any steer of the garden, exactly of the manoeuver of the intimacy of good and mephistophelian you shall non eat, for in the daytime that you eat of it you shall for sure kick downstairs.It is actually pass wate r from the higher up personation that if they disobey gods command, they go out be punished by destruction decry. On the new(prenominal) hand, when the snake and even colloquy (31b-5), the snake says to the char You will not surely spoil and contradicts paragons polity of You shall surely die. However, although they ate the harvest-home of the tree of knowledge, they did not die and immortal pronounces a varied sentence in 314-19. The variance mingled with the